OBF-file

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BlueM.Opt input files: MOD · OPT · OBF · CON

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Versions:

• current v1.9 (starting from r1847)
• v1.8 (up to r1843)
• v1.7 (as of r1785)
• v1.6 (as of r1762)
• v1.4, v1.5 (as of r1524)
• v1.3 (as of r1436)
• v1.2.x

This file defines the objective functions for the optimization.

The file must have the same filename as the rest of the dataset's files but have the file extension .OBF, and be located in the same directory as the rest of the dataset. (In version prior to v1.8, this file had the file extension .ZIE.)

The file is divided into several blocks, each of which is optional. Each block is identified by its heading:

• Series: This block defines objective functions that are based on a comparison of simulation time series with a reference time series.
• Values: This block defines objective functions that are based on a comparison of simulation result values with a reference value (currently only functional for SWMM applications, see #414).
• ValueFromSeries: This block defines objective functions that are based on a comparison of values that are computed from simulated time series with reference values.
• SKos: Damages and Costs
• Aggregate: Aggregate objective functions

File format

*Objective functions
*===================
*
*Series
*------
*
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|------------|---------|------------------|------------------|-----------------------------|----------|
*| Opt | Name          | Group   | D | OpFac | File  | SimResult  | ObjFunc |           Evaluation period         |       Reference series      | CurValue |
*|     |               |         |   |       |       |            |         |       Start      |     End          | RefName   | RefFile         |          |
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|------------|---------|------------------|------------------|-----------|-----------------|----------|
 |  P  | Kling-Gupta   |         | + |       |  WEL  | B401_1AB   | KGE     | 30.05.1984 00:00 | 18.06.1984 23:30 |           | seriesfile.zre  |          |
 |  S  | NashSutcliffe |         | + |       |  WEL  | B401_1AB   | NSE     | 30.05.1984 00:00 | 18.06.1984 23:30 |           | seriesfile.zre  |          |
 |  S  | VolumeError   |         | - |       |  WEL  | B401_1AB   | BIAS    | 30.05.1984 00:00 | 18.06.1984 23:30 |           | seriesfile.zre  |          |
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|------------|---------|------------------|------------------|-----------|-----------------|----------|
*
*Values
*------
*
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|-----------|---------|---------------|-------------|----------|----------|
*| Opt | Name          | Group   | D | OpFac | File  | SimResult | ObjFunc | TargetElement | TargetValue |          | CurValue |
*|     |               |         |   |       |       |           |         | (Block)       | (Column)    | RefValue |          |
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|-----------|---------|---------------|-------------|----------|----------|
 |  S  | OutfallLoad   |         | - |       |  RPT  |           |  Diff   | OutfallNode   | AvgFlow     |     0    |          |
 |  S  | Storage401    | Storage | - |   +   |  BLZ  | B401      |         | Speicher      | maxVolume   |          |          |
 |  S  | Storage701    | Storage | - |   +   |  BLZ  | B701      |         | Speicher      | maxVolume   |          |          |
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|-----------|---------|-------------- |-------------|----------|----------|
*
*ValueFromSeries
*---------------
*
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|------------|---------|---------|---------|----------------------|----------|
*| Opt | Name          | Group   | D | OpFac | File  | SimResult  | ObjFunc | Evaluation period | Reference value      | CurValue |
*|     |               |         |   |       |       |            |         | Start   | Ende    | ValueType | RefValue |          |
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|------------|---------|---------|---------|-----------|----------|----------|
 |  S  | OutfallLoad   |         | - |       |  WEL  | B401_1AB   | Diff    |         |         |           |          |          |
 |  P  | PeakError     |         | - |       |  WEL  | S3  _1ZU   | SE      |         |         | Max       | 29.33    |          |
*|-----|---------------|---------|---|-------|-------|------------|---------|---------|---------|-----------|----------|----------|
*
*SKos
*----
*
*|-----|-------------|---------|---|-------|
*| Opt | Name        | Group   | D | OpFac |
*|     |             |         |   |       |
*|-----|-------------|---------|---|-------|
 |  P  | ConstrCosts |         |   |       |
*|-----|-------------|---------|---|-------|
*
*Aggregate
*---------
*
*|-----|--------------|---------|---|----------|
*| Opt | Name         | Group   | D | CurValue |
*|-----|--------------|---------|---|----------|
 |  P  | TotalStorage | Storage |   |          |
*|-----|--------------|---------|---|----------|

The width of the columns can be adjusted if necessary, but the column separators (|) must be preserved!

An asterisk (*) at the beginning of the line causes the line to be ignored.

Description

Common parameters

The blocks "Series", "Values" and "ValuesFromSeries" share a set of parameters.

Parameter	Description
Opt	Specifies, whether the objective function is a primary objective function (P) or a secondary objective function (S). Primary objective functions are used to calculate the fitness of invidual solutions. Secondary objective functions are evaluated, but are not used to determine the fitness of individuals. Secondary objective functions are useful for specifiying objective functions that are part of an aggregated objective function or for specifying values of interest that should be evaluated, but not optimized towards.
Name	Arbitrary name of the objective function
Group (optional)	Optional group name, only used for calculating aggregated objective functions. Objective functions with the same group name are aggregated to form one aggregated objective function.
Direction (optional)	Direction of desired optimization: -: The objective function should be minimized (default) +: The objective function should be maximized. This causes the objective function values to be multiplied by -1 (#303).
Operator or Factor (optional)	Optional, only used for aggregated objective functions +: The objective function value is added to the group -: The objective function value is subtracted from the group number: The objective function value is multiplied by the given number and then added to the group
File	The simulation result file containing the simulation result from which the objective function should be calculated. Supported values: WEL (for BlueM.Sim or TALSIM) KWL (only for BlueM.Sim) KTR.WEL (only for TALSIM) TEMP.WEL (only for TALSIM) ASC (only for SMUSI and SWMM)
SimResult	The identifier of the simulation result from which the objective function should be calculated.
ObjFunc	Specifies which objective function to use. Supported values for comparing values: SE: Squared error AE: Absolute error Supported values for comparing series: SSE: Sum of squared errors SAE: Sum of absolute errors NSE: Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency -∞ ≤ NSE ≤ 1. Larger is better. [math]\displaystyle{ NSE=1-\frac{\sum_{t=1}^T\left(Q_{obs}^t-Q_{sim}^t\right)^2}{\sum_{t=1}^T\left(Q_{obs}^t-\overline{Q_{obs}}\right)^2} }[/math] lnNSE: Logarithmic Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency -∞ ≤ lnNSE ≤ 1. Larger is better. [math]\displaystyle{ lnNSE=1-\frac{\sum_{t=1}^T\left(ln(Q_{obs}^t)-ln(Q_{sim}^t)\right)^2}{\sum_{t=1}^T\left(ln(Q_{obs}^t)-ln(\overline{Q_{obs}})\right)^2} }[/math] NOTE: In order to avoid problems with ln(0), all observed and simulated timeseries values are set to a minimum of 1% of the average value of Qobs. KGE: Kling-Gupta efficiency -∞ ≤ KGE ≤ 1. Larger is better. [math]\displaystyle{ \text{KGE} = 1 - \sqrt{ (r - 1)^2 + (\beta - 1)^2 + (\gamma - 1)^2 } }[/math] with r: correlation coefficient β: bias ratio γ: variability ratio NGT: Relative number of timesteps in which the simulation result is larger than (exceeds) the value of the reference time series [%] SGT: Sum of the simulation values that are larger than the values of the reference time series NLT: Relative number of timesteps in which the simulation result is smaller than the value of the reference time series [%] SLT: Sum of the simulation values that are smaller than the values of the reference time series DET: Coefficient of determination (simple linear regression) 0 ≤ R² ≤ 1: [math]\displaystyle{ R^2 = \frac{s^2_{xy}}{s^2_x \cdot s^2_y} }[/math] BIAS: Absolute volume error [%] The following options are deprecated and only kept for backwards compatibility: AbQuad: alias for SSE or SE Diff: alias for SAE or AE nÜber: alias for NGT sÜber: alias for SGT nUnter: alias for NLT sUnter: alias for SLT Korr: alias for DET Volf: alias for BIAS NashSutt: Modified Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency modified formula with 0 ≤ NSEmod ≤ ∞. Smaller is better. [math]\displaystyle{ NSE_{mod}=1-NSE }[/math] LnNashSutt: Modified logarithmic Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency modified formula with 0 ≤ lnNSEmod ≤ ∞. Smaller is better. [math]\displaystyle{ lnNSE_{mod}=1-lnNSE }[/math]
CurValue (optional)	An optional value that is displayed in diagrams to serve as an indication of improvement.

"Series"

Parameter	Description
Evaluation period (optional)	Specifies the simulation time period for which the objective function should be evaluated. Format: dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm If Start and/or End are left empty, the start and/or end of the entire simulation time period is used.
RefName (nur bei Referenzreihen und .WEL als Referenzdatei)	Specifies the identifier of the time series with which the simulation result should be compared. Only necessary if the time series file specified under RefFile is in WEL-format.
RefFile	The filename of the reference time series (.zre or .wel) Warning: The time step size of the reference series must be identical to that of the simulation result! (see #218)

"Values"

Parameter	Description
TargetElement (Block)	Specifies in which section (block) the target variable is located.
TargetValue (Column)	Specifies the target variable within the block.
RefValue	The reference value with which the simulation result should be compared.

The parameter TargetElement is dependent on the parameter TargetValue and the simulation tool used, only the following combinations are possible:

Application	TargetElement (Block)	TargetValue (Column)
SWMM	NodeFlooding	HoursFlooded
SWMM	NodeFlooding	FloodVolume
SWMM	StorageVolume	AvgVolume
SWMM	StorageVolume	AvgPctFull
SWMM	StorageVolume	MaxVolume
SWMM	StorageVolume	MaxPctFull
SWMM	StorageVolume	MaxOutflow
SWMM	OutfallLoad	MaxFlow
SWMM	OutfallLoad	FlowVolume
SWMM	OutfallLoad	Pollutant_[no]
SWMM	Pumping	OnlineTime
SWMM	Pumping	TotalEnergy
Smusi	EntlVolumen	SumVol
Smusi	MaxAbfluss	Qmax
Smusi	EntlFracht	CSBspez

The TargetValue Pollutant_[no] allows for the evaluation of up to five substances, [no] can take values of 01, 02, 03, 04 or 05, so e.g. specify Pollutant_02 for the second substance.

"ValueFromSeries"

Parameter	Description
Evaluation period (optional)	Specifies the simulation time period for which the objective function should be evaluated. Format: dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm If Start and/or End are left empty, the start and/or end of the entire simulation time period is used.
ValueType	Specifies how to calculate the value from the simulation result series. Supported values: MaxWert: Maximum value of the simulation result MinWert: Minimum value of the simulation result Average: Average value of the simulation result AnfWert: The first value of the simulation result EndWert: The last value of the simulation result Summe: Sum of the simulation result
RefValue	The reference value with which the computed simulation result should be compared.