Hydrological Basics

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In order to be able to take relations and interactions into consideration a simulation model for river basing management needs to represent all relevant objects and processes within the natural system. In modelling this is implemented through system elements. In order to model different systems the following elements are needed:

• Rural Catchments
• Urban Catchments
• Einleitungen
• Transport elements
• Verbraucher
• Aufteilungsbauwerke / Verzweigungen
• Speicher (eventuell mit Wasserkraftanlagen)
• Regenüberläufe
• Regenüberlaufbecken

Water-power plants are not a system element themselves they occur in combination with other elements. In order to function a water-power plant requires a reservoir. If the water-power plant is a run of river power plant at a certain channel cross-section this section of a channel should be defined as a reservoir.

The content of the following table gives an overview of the most important inputs and outputs as well as the characteristics of each element.

Element	important Inputs/Loads	Characteristics	Element Output
Rural Catchment	rainfall temperature evaporation	characteristic soil parameters run-off generation discharge distribution run-off concentration ...	surface run-off base flow total discharge ...
Urban Catchments	rainfall inhabitants / industry and other businesses polutants	fraction of impervious areas run-off generation discharge distribution run-off concentration ...	wet weather flow dry weather flow total discharge ...
Individual discharges		water inflow into the system	discharge
Transport elements	inflow	translation retention	discharge
Consumer	inflow	consumer characteristics additional inflow from other areas flow back into the system	flow back into the system additional inflow total discharge
Branching points	inflow	distribution specification	two outflows
Reservoirs Dams detention reservoir rain water retention basin	inflow optional: rainfall evaporation	Speicherinhaltskurve Speicheroberflächenkurve Leistungsfähigkeit der Betriebseinrichtungen Betriebsregeln (Versickerungsverhalten) ...	Abgaben Speicherinhalt Wasserstand
Storm-water overflow	inflow	distribution specification	two outflows
storm-water overflow basin	inflow	reservoir/basin content specifications	two outflows

Tabelle 1: List of system elements including their most important characteristics and methods

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